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Сат Абхава

История возникновения и становления.

《中國大百科全書》‧ 語言文字 :

Сат Абхава · Posted: Wed Apr 13, 2005 6:02 pm Post subject:

Современное состояние. (По материалам 國語注音符號手冊 Министерства образования Республики Китай [Тайвань])

Сат Абхава · Posted: Wed Apr 13, 2005 7:24 pm Post subject:

И еще... Справочная таблица, которую я составлял где-то года 4 назад для своего сайта...

ТАБЛИЦА СООТВЕТСТВИЯ ПИНЬИНЬ - ЧЖУИНЬ

A ㄚ
A ㄚ AI ㄞ AN ㄢ ANG ㄤ
AO ㄠ
B ㄅ
BA ㄅㄚ BAI ㄅㄞ BAN ㄅㄢ BANG ㄅㄤ
BAO ㄅㄠ BEI ㄅㄟ BEN ㄅㄣ BENG ㄅㄥ
BI ㄅㄧ BIAN ㄅㄧㄢ BIAO ㄅㄧㄠ BIE ㄅㄧㄝ
BIN ㄅㄧㄣ BING ㄅㄧㄥ BO ㄅㄛ BU ㄅㄨ
C ㄘ
CA ㄘㄚ CAI ㄘㄞ CAN ㄘㄢ CANG ㄘㄤ
CAO ㄘㄠ CE ㄘㄜ CEN ㄘㄣ CENG ㄘㄥ
CI ㄘ CONG ㄘㄨㄥ COU ㄘㄡ CU ㄘㄨ
CUAN ㄘㄨㄢ CUI ㄘㄨㄟ CUN ㄘㄨㄣ CUO ㄘㄨㄛ
CH ㄔ
CHA ㄔㄚ CHAI ㄔㄞ CHAN ㄔㄢ CHANG ㄔㄤ
CHAO ㄔㄠ CHE ㄔㄜ CHEN ㄔㄣ CHENG ㄔㄥ
CHI ㄔ CHONG ㄔㄨㄥ CHOU ㄔㄡ CHU ㄔㄨ
CHUA ㄔㄨㄚ CHUAI ㄔㄨㄞ CHUAN ㄔㄨㄢ CHUANG ㄔㄨㄤ
CHUI ㄔㄨㄟ CHUN ㄔㄨㄣ CHUO ㄔㄨㄛ
D ㄉ
DA ㄉㄚ DAI ㄉㄞ DAN ㄉㄢ DANG ㄉㄤ
DAO ㄉㄠ DE ㄉㄜ DEI ㄉㄟ DEN ㄉㄣ
DENG ㄉㄥ DI ㄉㄧ DIA ㄉㄧㄚ DIAN ㄉㄧㄢ
нет ㄉㄧㄤ DIAO ㄉㄧㄠ DIE ㄉㄧㄝ DING ㄉㄧㄥ
DIU ㄉㄧㄡ DONG ㄉㄨㄥ DOU ㄉㄡ DU ㄉㄨ
DUAN ㄉㄨㄢ DUI ㄉㄨㄟ DUN ㄉㄨㄣ DUO ㄉㄨㄛ
E ㄜ ( Ê ㄝ )
E ㄜ Ê ㄝ EI ㄟ EN ㄣ
ENG ㄥ ER ㄦ
F ㄈ
FA ㄈㄚ FAN ㄈㄢ FANG ㄈㄤ FEI ㄈㄟ
FEN ㄈㄣ FENG ㄈㄥ FO ㄈㄛ FOU ㄈㄡ
FU ㄈㄨ
G ㄍ
GA ㄍㄚ GAI ㄍㄞ GAN ㄍㄢ GANG ㄍㄤ
GAO ㄍㄠ GE ㄍㄜ GEI ㄍㄟ GEN ㄍㄣ
GENG ㄍㄥ GONG ㄍㄨㄥ GOU ㄍㄡ GU ㄍㄨ
GUA ㄍㄨㄚ GUAI ㄍㄨㄞ GUAN ㄍㄨㄢ GUANG ㄍㄨㄤ
GUI ㄍㄨㄟ GUN ㄍㄨㄣ GUO ㄍㄨㄛ

H ㄏ
HA ㄏㄚ HAI ㄏㄞ HAN ㄏㄢ HANG ㄏㄤ
HAO ㄏㄠ HE ㄏㄜ HEI ㄏㄟ HEN ㄏㄣ
HENG ㄏㄥ HM ㄏㄇ HNG ㄏ丌 HONG ㄏㄨㄥ
HOU ㄏㄡ HU ㄏㄨ HUA ㄏㄨㄚ HUAI ㄏㄨㄞ
HUAN ㄏㄨㄢ HUANG ㄏㄨㄤ HUI ㄏㄨㄟ HUN ㄏㄨㄣ
HUO ㄏㄨㄛ
J ㄐ
JI ㄐㄧ JIA ㄐㄧㄚ JIAN ㄐㄧㄢ JIANG ㄐㄧㄤ
JIAO ㄐㄧㄠ JIE ㄐㄧㄝ JIN ㄐㄧㄣ JING ㄐㄧㄥ
JIONG ㄐㄩㄥ JIU ㄐㄧㄡ JU ㄐㄩ JUAN ㄐㄩㄢ
JUE ㄐㄩㄝ JUN ㄐㄩㄣ
K ㄎ
KA ㄎㄚ KAI ㄎㄞ KAN ㄎㄢ KANG ㄎㄤ
KAO ㄎㄠ KE ㄎㄜ KEI ㄎㄟ KEN ㄎㄣ
KENG ㄎㄥ KONG ㄎㄨㄥ KOU ㄎㄡ KU ㄎㄨ
KUA ㄎㄨㄚ KUAI ㄎㄨㄞ KUAN ㄎㄨㄢ KUANG ㄎㄨㄤ
KUI ㄎㄨㄟ KUN ㄎㄨㄣ KUO ㄎㄨㄛ
L ㄌ
LA ㄌㄚ LAI ㄌㄞ LAN ㄌㄢ LANG ㄌㄤ
LAO ㄌㄠ LE ㄌㄜ LEI ㄌㄟ LENG ㄌㄥ
LI ㄌㄧ LIA ㄌㄧㄚ LIAN ㄌㄧㄢ LIANG ㄌㄧㄤ
LIAO ㄌㄧㄠ LIE ㄌㄧㄝ LIN ㄌㄧㄣ LING ㄌㄧㄥ
LIU ㄌㄧㄡ LO ㄌㄛ LONG ㄌㄨㄥ LOU ㄌㄡ
LU ㄌㄨ LÜ ㄌㄩ LUAN ㄌㄨㄢ LÜE ㄌㄩㄝ
LUN ㄌㄨㄣ LUO ㄌㄨㄛ
M ㄇ
M ㄇ MA ㄇㄚ MAI ㄇㄞ MAN ㄇㄢ
MANG ㄇㄤ MAO ㄇㄠ ME ㄇㄜ MEI ㄇㄟ
MEN ㄇㄣ MENG ㄇㄥ MI ㄇㄧ MIAN ㄇㄧㄢ
MIAO ㄇㄧㄠ MIE ㄇㄧㄝ MIN ㄇㄧㄣ MING ㄇㄧㄥ
MIU ㄇㄧㄡ MO ㄇㄛ MOU ㄇㄡ MU ㄇㄨ
N ㄋ
N ㄋ NA ㄋㄚ NAI ㄋㄞ NAN ㄋㄢ
NANG ㄋㄤ NAO ㄋㄠ NE ㄋㄜ NEI ㄋㄟ
NEN ㄋㄣ NENG ㄋㄥ NG 丌 NI ㄋㄧ
NIA ㄋㄧㄚ NIAN ㄋㄧㄢ NIANG ㄋㄧㄤ NIAO ㄋㄧㄠ
NIE ㄋㄧㄝ NIN ㄋㄧㄣ NING ㄋㄧㄥ NIU ㄋㄧㄡ
NONG ㄋㄨㄥ NOU ㄋㄡ NU ㄋㄨ NÜ ㄋㄩ
NUAN ㄋㄨㄢ NÜE ㄋㄩㄝ NUO ㄋㄨㄛ
O ㄛ
O ㄛ OU ㄡ
P ㄆ
PA ㄆㄚ PAI ㄆㄞ PAN ㄆㄢ PANG ㄆㄤ
PAO ㄆㄠ PEI ㄆㄟ PEN ㄆㄣ PENG ㄆㄥ
PI ㄆㄧ PIAN ㄆㄧㄢ PIAO ㄆㄧㄠ PIE ㄆㄧㄝ
PIN ㄆㄧㄣ PING ㄆㄧㄥ PO ㄆㄛ POU ㄆㄡ
PU ㄆㄨ
Q ㄑ
QI ㄑㄧ QIA ㄑㄧㄚ QIAN ㄑㄧㄢ QIANG ㄑㄧㄤ
QIAO ㄑㄧㄠ QIE ㄑㄧㄝ QIN ㄑㄧㄣ QING ㄑㄧㄥ
QIONG ㄑㄩㄥ QIU ㄑㄧㄡ QU ㄑㄩ QUAN ㄑㄩㄢ
QUE ㄑㄩㄝ QUN ㄑㄩㄣ
R ㄖ ( ~R ㄦ )
RAN ㄖㄢ RANG ㄖㄤ RAO ㄖㄠ RE ㄖㄜ
REN ㄖㄣ RENG ㄖㄥ RI ㄖ RONG ㄖㄨㄥ
ROU ㄖㄡ RU ㄖㄨ RUAN ㄖㄨㄢ RUI ㄖㄨㄟ
RUN ㄖㄨㄣ RUO ㄖㄨㄛ ~R ㄦ
S ㄙ
SA ㄙㄚ SAI ㄙㄞ SAN ㄙㄢ SANG ㄙㄤ
SAO ㄙㄠ SE ㄙㄜ SEN ㄙㄣ SENG ㄙㄥ
SI ㄙ SONG ㄙㄨㄥ SOU ㄙㄡ SU ㄙㄨ
SUAN ㄙㄨㄢ SUI ㄙㄨㄟ SUN ㄙㄨㄣ SUO ㄙㄨㄛ
SH ㄕ
SHA ㄕㄚ SHAI ㄕㄞ SHAN ㄕㄢ SHANG ㄕㄤ
SHAO ㄕㄠ SHE ㄕㄜ SHEI ㄕㄟ SHEN ㄕㄣ
SHENG ㄕㄥ SHI ㄕ SHOU ㄕㄡ SHU ㄕㄨ
SHUA ㄕㄨㄚ SHUAI ㄕㄨㄞ SHUAN ㄕㄨㄢ SHUANG ㄕㄨㄤ
SHUI ㄕㄨㄟ SHUN ㄕㄨㄣ SHUO ㄕㄨㄛ

T ㄊ
TA ㄊㄚ TAI ㄊㄞ TAN ㄊㄢ TANG ㄊㄤ
TAO ㄊㄠ TE ㄊㄜ TENG ㄊㄥ TI ㄊㄧ
TIAN ㄊㄧㄢ TIAO ㄊㄧㄠ TIE ㄊㄧㄝ TING ㄊㄧㄥ
TONG ㄊㄨㄥ TOU ㄊㄡ TU ㄊㄨ TUAN ㄊㄨㄢ
TUI ㄊㄨㄟ TUN ㄊㄨㄣ TUO ㄊㄨㄛ
W ㄨ
WA ㄨㄚ WAI ㄨㄞ WAN ㄨㄢ WANG ㄨㄤ
WEI ㄨㄟ WEN ㄨㄣ WENG ㄨㄥ WO ㄨㄛ
WU ㄨ

X ㄒ
XI ㄒㄧ XIA ㄒㄧㄚ XIAN ㄒㄧㄢ XIANG ㄒㄧㄤ
XIAO ㄒㄧㄠ XIE ㄒㄧㄝ XIN ㄒㄧㄣ XING ㄒㄧㄥ
XIONG ㄒㄩㄥ XIU ㄒㄧㄡ XU ㄒㄩ XUAN ㄒㄩㄢ
XUE ㄒㄩㄝ XUN ㄒㄩㄣ
Y ㄧ
YA ㄧㄚ YAI ㄧㄞ YAN ㄧㄢ YANG ㄧㄤ
YAO ㄧㄠ YE ㄧㄝ YI ㄧ YIN ㄧㄣ
YING ㄧㄥ YO ㄧㄛ YONG ㄩㄥ YOU ㄧㄡ
YU ㄩ YUAN ㄩㄢ YUE ㄩㄝ YUN ㄩㄣ
Z ㄗ
ZA ㄗㄚ ZAI ㄗㄞ ZAN ㄗㄢ ZANG ㄗㄤ
ZAO ㄗㄠ ZE ㄗㄜ ZEI ㄗㄟ ZEN ㄗㄣ
ZENG ㄗㄥ ZI ㄗ ZONG ㄗㄨㄥ ZOU ㄗㄡ
ZU ㄗㄨ ZUAN ㄗㄨㄢ ZUI ㄗㄨㄟ ZUN ㄗㄨㄣ
ZUO ㄗㄨㄛ
ZH ㄓ
ZHA ㄓㄚ ZHAI ㄓㄞ ZHAN ㄓㄢ ZHANG ㄓㄤ
ZHAO ㄓㄠ ZHE ㄓㄜ ZHEI ㄓㄟ ZHEN ㄓㄣ
ZHENG ㄓㄥ ZHI ㄓ ZHONG ㄓㄨㄥ ZHOU ㄓㄡ
ZHU ㄓㄨ ZHUA ㄓㄨㄚ ZHUAI ㄓㄨㄞ ZHUAN ㄓㄨㄢ
ZHUANG ㄓㄨㄤ ZHUI ㄓㄨㄟ ZHUN ㄓㄨㄣ ZHUO ㄓㄨㄛ

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
Таблица выполнена в соответствии со словарями:
《新華字典》- 北京：商務印書館，1990年重排本 "Синьхуа цзыдянь (Иероглифический словарь Синьхуа)" - Пекин: Издательство "Шанъу", 1990 г.
《國語活用辭典》- 臺北市：五南圖書出版公司，1996年 "Гоюй хоюн цыдянь (Толковый словарь китайского языка)" - Тайбэй: Издательство "Унань", 1996 г.

01.
На слог ㄉㄧㄤ словарь "Гоюй хоюн цыдянь" приводит единственный иероглиф - 噹 - в единственном (очень редком!) слове 噹噹兒 - "невежда, недалекий человек". В словаре "Синьхуа цзыдянь" слог DIANG отсутствует.
02.
Гласный звук Ê (ㄝ) в транскрипциях пиньинь и чжуинь принято выделять как финалеобразующее ядро в финалях -IE (ㄧㄝ) и -ÜE (ㄩㄝ) - обратите внимание, что в пиньинь он записывается как Е. Данное выделение проводится с целью противопоставления звука Ê (ㄝ) в двух вышеназванных финалях собственно звуку E (ㄜ) в финалях -E (ㄜ), -EI (ㄟ), -EN (ㄣ) и -ENG (ㄥ). Звук Ê (ㄝ) является гласным переднего ряда и по звучанию стоит ближе к русскому звуку е. Звук E (ㄜ) является гласным заднего ряда и по звучанию стоит ближе к русскому звуку э.
Кроме того, гласный звук Ê (ㄝ) также способен сочетаться с нулевой инициалью и составлять самостоятельный слог Ê (ㄝ). На данный слог словари приводят единственный иероглиф - междометие 欸 (может также записываться как 誒), которое наряду с чтениями éi, ěi, èi и ăi имеет также чтение ê (во всех четырех тонах).

_________________
Всё в моих речах может оказаться ошибкой...

vk · Joined: 13 Jan 2005 Posts: 298 Location: Moscow, Russia

Zhùyīn Fúhào (注音符號), or "Symbols for Annotating Sounds", often abbreviated as Zhuyin, or known as Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) for the first four syllables of these Chinese phonetic symbols, is the national phonetic system of the Republic of China (based on Taiwan) for teaching the Chinese languages, especially Standard Mandarin, to people learning to read and write and/or to people learning to speak Mandarin. (See Uses). The system uses 37 special symbols to represent the Mandarin sounds: 21 consonants and 16 vowels. There is a one symbol-one sound correspondence.

History

The Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation, led by Woo Tsin-hang from 1912 to 13, created a system called Guoyin Zimu (國音字母 "National Pronunciation Letters") or Zhuyin Zimu (註音字母 or 注音字母 "Sound-annotating Letters") which is based on Zhang Binglin's shorthands. (For differences with the Zhang system, see Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation#Phonetic symbols.) A draft was released on July 11, 1913 by the Republic of China National Ministry of Education, but it was not officially proclaimed until November 23, 1918. Zhuyin Zimu was renamed to Zhuyin Fuhao in April 1930.

The ROC Education Ministry has attempted for many years to phase out the use of Zhuyin in favor of a system based on Roman characters (see MPS II). However, this transition has been extremely slow due to the difficulty in teaching elementary school teachers a new Roman-based system.

Keyboard layout
A typical keyboard layout for Zhuyin
A typical keyboard layout for Zhuyin

Symbol origins

There was no official document explaining the details of the origins of the characters, but they are apparent if you understand some basic Chinese characters. The zhuyin symbols are mainly fragments of characters that contain the sound that each symbol represents. For example:

* ㄅ (b) ← 白 (bái)
* ㄆ (p) ← 破 (pò)
* ㄋ (n) ← 乃 (nǎi)
* ㄒ (x) ← 下 (xià)
* ㄙ (s) ← 私 (sī)
* ㄝ (ê) ← 也 (yě)
* ㄦ (er) ← 兒 (ér)

A few were made by adding additional strokes, for example:

* ㄉ (d) ← 刀 (dāo)
* ㄌ (l) ← 力 (lì)
* ㄘ (c) ← 七 (ci, now pronounced qī)

A few are virtually identical to Chinese characters still in use, for example:

* ㄧ (i) ← 一 (yī)
* ㄚ (a) ← 丫 (yā)

Many are nearly entirely identical to radicals with the same sounds, for example:

* ㄈ (f) ← 匚 (fāng)
* ㄏ (h) ← 厂 (hǎn)
* ㄗ (z) ← 卩 (jié)
* ㄕ (sh) ← 尸 (shī)
* ㄤ (ang) ← 尢 (wāng)
* ㄩ (ü) ← 凵 (qū)
* ㄡ (ou) ← 又 (yòu)
* ㄖ (r) ← 日 (rì)
* ㄔ (chi) ← 彳 (chì)
* ㄇ (m) ← 冂 (jiōng) which does not have the same sound, but it exists in 冒 (mòu) and 冪 (mì)

Other symbols, mostly vowel symbols, are based entirely or partly on obsolete variants of characters, for example:

* ㄨ (u) ← 五 (wǔ); likely a derivative of the seal script Image:wuseal.png.
* ㄓ (zh) ← 之 (zhī); also a derivative of the character's seal script variant.

There are still others that are totally unlike any known symbols, but were designed to look like, and be written in the same style as, Chinese chacacters. The zhuyin characters usually are represented in typographic fonts as if drawn with an ink brush (as in Regular Script).

Uses

These phonetic symbols sometimes appear as ruby characters printed next to the Chinese characters in young children's books, and in editions of classical texts (which frequently use characters that appear at very low frequency rates in newspapers and other such daily fare). One seldom sees these symbols used in mass media adult publications except as a pronunciation guide (or index system) in dictionary entries. Bopomofo symbols are also mapped to the ordinary Roman character keyboard (1 = bo, q = po, a = mo, and so forth) used in one method for inputting Chinese text when using the computer.

Unlike pinyin, the sole purpose for zhuyin in elementary education is to teach Standard Mandarin pronunciation to children. Grade one textbooks of all subjects (including Mandarin) are entirely in zhuyin. After that year, Chinese character texts are given in annotated form. Around grade four, presence of zhuyin annotation is greatly reduced, remaining only in the new character section. School children learn the symbols so that they can decode pronunciations given in a Chinese dictionary, and also so that they can find how to write words for which they know only the sounds.

Pinyin, on the other hand, is dual-purpose. Besides being a pronunciation notation, pinyin is used widely in publications in mainland China. Some books from mainland China are published purely in pinyin with not even a single Chinese character. Those books are targeted to minority tribal groups or Westerners who know spoken Mandarin but have not yet learned written Chinese characters.

Zhuyin will probably never replace Traditional Chinese just as hiragana has never replaced characters in Japanese texts even though it substituting hiragana for characters is always an option. Not only are the characters valued for esthetic and other axiological reasons, but (once they have been learned) reading characters required fewer eye fixations and eliminates the ambiguities in any alphabetic or syllabic writing system caused by the immense number of homonyms in Chinese. (Reading Chinese in a phonetic representation is like trying to understand a spoken English sentence containing a string of homonyms such as: "For afore Forry called four 'Fores!'..." because almost any spelled-out "word" maps to more than one Chinese character. In English, we use different spellings of one sound such as "for" to differentiate the intended meanings. In zhuyin -- minus the word "called" -- that would look something like the following ㄈㄡㄦㄚㄈㄡㄦㄈㄡㄦㄧ... ㄈㄡㄦㄈㄡㄦㄗ.)

Zhuyin is also used to write some of the aboriginal languages of Taiwan. For these it is a primary writing system, not an ancillary system as it is for Chinese.

Writing
The boxes represent the outermost extent of the Zhuyin and Hanzi.
graphic version of the tone marks

Mpstonalmarks.png

Zhuyin symbols are written like Chinese characters, including the general order of strokes and positioning. They are always placed to the right of the Chinese characters, whether the characters are arranged vertically or horizontally. Technically, these are Ruby characters. Very rarely do they appear on top of Chinese characters when written horizontally as furigana would be written above kanji in a Japanese text. Because a syllable block contains usually two or three Zhuyin symbols (which themselves fit in a square format) stacked on top of each other, the blocks are rectangular.

The tone marks are similar to the later developed Pinyin tone symbols, except that the first tone has no symbolization at all, and the neutral tone appears as a black dot. The neutral dot is the only mark to be placed on top of the vertical Zhuyin syllable block, the remaining three are in a vertical strip to the right of the character.

The tone marks are sometimes given in Regular Script style, matching the associated Chinese characters, and have the same basic shape as do those of the pinyin tone symbols. However, they vary in detail. The thickened end of Zhuyin's second (rising) tone is always at the lower left, whereas the second tone mark in the pinyin system is a straight line of uniform width. The third tone mark displays the greatest variation.

Zhuyin's tone symbolization was used in the ROC-sponsored romanizations created by the Mandarin Promotion Council. The tone symbols in that system were identical with the zhuyin tone symbols, except that they were not in Regular Style calligraphy, but in a Western font face and so resemble the tone symbols used in pinyin.

Zhuyin vs. Tongyong Pinyin & Hanyu Pinyin

Zhuyin and Pinyin are based on the same Mandarin pronunciations, hence there is a mostly 1-to-1 mapping between the two systems. In the table below, the 'zhuyin' and 'pinyin' columns show equivalency.

【】represents the pronunciation when combining with consonants or vowels.

Zhuyin vs. Pinyin Zhuyin Tongyong Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin Wade-Giles Example(Zhuyin,Tongyong)
ㄅ b b p 　八 (ㄅㄚ, ba)
ㄆ p p p' 杷 (ㄆㄚˊ, pa)
ㄇ m m m 馬 (ㄇㄚˇ, ma)
ㄈ f f f 法 (ㄈㄚˋ, fa)
ㄉ d d t 地 (ㄉㄧˋ, di)
ㄊ t t t' 提 (ㄊㄧˊ, ti)
ㄋ n n n 你 (ㄋㄧˇ, ni)
ㄌ l l l 利 (ㄌㄧˋ, li)
ㄍ g g k 告 (ㄍㄠˋ, gao)
ㄎ k k k' 考 (ㄎㄠˇ, kao)
ㄏ h h h 好 (ㄏㄠˇ, hao)
ㄐ ji j ch 叫 (ㄐㄧㄠˋ, jiao)
ㄑ ci q ch' 巧 (ㄑㄧㄠˇ, ciao)
ㄒ si x hs 小 (ㄒㄧㄠˇ, siao)
ㄓ jhih 【jh】 zhi 【zh】 chih 【ch】　主 (ㄓㄨˇ, jhu) 　　　
ㄔ chih 【ch】 chi 【ch】 ch'ih 【ch'】出 (ㄔㄨ, chu)
ㄕ shih 【sh】 shi 【sh】 shih 【sh】束 (ㄕㄨˋ, shu)
ㄖ rih 【r】 ri 【r】 jih 【j】入 (ㄖㄨˋ, ru)
ㄗ zih 【z】 zi 【z】 tz 【tz/ts】在 (ㄗㄞˋ, zai)
ㄘ cih 【c】 ci 【c】 tz'ŭ 【tz'/ts'】才 (ㄘㄞˊ, cai)
ㄙ sih 【s】 si 【s】 ssŭ 【s】塞 (ㄙㄞ, sai)
ㄧ yi 【i】 yi 【i】 yi 【i】逆 (ㄋㄧˋ, ni)
ㄨ wu 【u】 wu 【u】 wu 【u】努 (ㄋㄨˇ, nu)
ㄩ yu 【u】 yu 【ü】 yu 【u】女 (ㄋㄩˇ, nü)
ㄚ a a a 大 (ㄉㄚˋ, da)
ㄛ o o o 多 (ㄉㄨㄛ, duo)
ㄜ e e e 　得 (ㄉㄜˊ, de)
ㄝ e ê eh 爹 (ㄉㄧㄝ, die) 　　
ㄞ ai ai ai 晒 (ㄕㄞˋ, shai)
ㄟ ei ei ei 誰 (ㄕㄟˊ, shei)
ㄠ ao ao ao 少 (ㄕㄠˇ, shao)
ㄡ ou ou ou 收 (ㄕㄡ, shou)
ㄢ an an an 山 (ㄕㄢ, shan)
ㄣ en en en 申 (ㄕㄣ, shen)
ㄤ ang ang ang 上 (ㄕㄤˋ, shang)
ㄥ eng eng eng 生 (ㄕㄥ, sheng)
ㄦ er er erh 而 (ㄦˊ, er)

Dialect letters used to write sounds not found in Standard Mandarin (not many web browsers can display these glyphs, see #External links for PDF pictures.) The table should be read left-to-right, row-by-row, not column-by-column.
Char Name Char Name Char Name
ㄪ V ㄫ Ng ㄬ Gn

Extended Bopomofo for Min-nan and Hakka
Char Name Char Name Char Name Char Name
ㆠ Bu ㆦ Oo ㆬ Im ㆲ Ong
ㆡ Zi ㆧ Onn ㆭ Ngg ㆳ Innn
ㆢ Ji ㆨ Ir ㆮ Ainn ㆴ Final P
ㆣ Gu ㆩ Ann ㆯ Aunn ㆵ Final T
ㆤ Ee ㆪ Inn ㆰ Am ㆶ Final K
ㆥ Enn ㆫ Unn ㆱ Om ㆷ Final H

See also

* Chinese language
* Mandarin (linguistics)
* Standard Mandarin
* Pinyin
* Chinese input methods for computers
* Ruby characters

External links

* Unicode reference glyphs for bopomofo (http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf) & extended bopomofo (http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31A0.pdf) (in PDF format)
* Mandarin Dictionary (http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Lindict/) (need Chinese font for Big5 encoding)
* NPA->IPA (http://www.wfu.edu/~moran/Cathay_Cafe/IPA_NPA_4.htm) National Phonetic Alphabet (zhuyin fuhao) spellings of words transliterated into the International Phonetic Alphabet (The vowel values have been verified against the official IPA site. See [1] (http://www.sil.org/computing/speechtools/softdev2/IPAhelp2/ipavowel2.htm) )
* Zhuyin Fuhao to Hanyu Pinyin converter and reverse (http://www.inxsoft.net/mandarin-resource/converter.php)
* zhuyin fuhao syllable chart, with Hanyu Pinyin equivalents (http://www.pinyin.info/romanization/bopomofo/basic.html)

vk · Joined: 13 Jan 2005 Posts: 298 Location: Moscow, Russia

converter from / to ZHUYIN

для желающих потренироваться в переводе с одной азбуки на другую

http://www.inxsoft.net/mandarin-resource/converter.php