印刷术是中国首先发明的。

Книгопечатание впервые было изобретено в Китае.

首先发明火药的是中国人

приоритет в изобретении пороха принадлежит китайскому народу

先发制人的打击

превентивный удар

先发制人的攻击

упреждающее нападение

先发制人的战争

превентивная война

先发制人的作用

превентивная роль

中国首先发明火药。早在唐代，中国就发明了火药。到宋代已被大量运用到军事上。元、明之际，还利用喷气原理制造了“火箭”。火药从13世纪起传到国外。

Gunpowder was invented in China. Gunpowder， invented as early as in the Tang Dynasty （618-907 A.D.), was used militarily on a large scale in the Song Dynasty （960-1279 A.D.). In the period between the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 A.D.) and the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.), “rockets” were invented with the use of the fundamentals of jet. Gunpowder was introduced to other countries in the 13th century.

采取先发制人的手段

take preemptive measures

如受威胁便发动先发制人的打击

launch a preemptive strike if threatened

中国首先发明指南针。战国时期，中国已经用磁石制成了指南的仪器，古人称它为“司南”。北宋时，又发明了用天然磁石摩擦钢针制成的罗盘针，即真正的指南针，并应用于航海。13世纪指南针传到欧洲。

The compass was invented in China. As early as in the Warring States Period (450 B. C. -221 B. C. ), a magnet was used as a device that pointed to magnetic north, and this device was named “Si Nan” by the ancient Chinese. In the Northern Song Dynasty (960 A. D. -1127 A. D. ), another device was invented with a magnetic iron needle that pointed to magnetic north, and this device was later used in navigation. The compass was introduced to Europe in the 13th century.

主动积极; 预先的； 预防性的； 先发制人的； 未雨绸缪

активный; динамичный

中国首先发明印刷术。公元6世纪下半叶到7世纪上半叶的隋、唐之际，中国就发明了雕版印刷，到9世纪，开始了大规模的雕版印书。北宋庆历年间，平民毕升发明用胶泥焙烧的活字，开始了活字印刷。约在8世纪中叶，印刷术传到国外。

Printing originated in China. In the period between the Sui Dynasty in the second half of the 6th century and the Tang Dynasty in the first half of the early 7th century, lithographic printing was invented and, in the 9th century, a large number of books began to be printed by the lithographic process. In the reign of Emperor Qingli of the Northern Song Dynasty (960 A.D.-1127 A.D.), a common fellow named Bi Sheng invented printing by movable type and started to use baked clay types for printing. The technology was introduced to other countries in about the mid-8th century.